[[PageOutline(2-9, Table of Contents)]]
= quince.transitionnetwork.org / quince.webarch.net =

This is the live server for '''[http://www.transitionnetwork.org/ www.transitionnetwork.org]''', '''[http://wiki.transitionnetwork.org/  wiki.transitionnetwork.org]''' and '''[http://static.transitionnetwork.org/  static.transitionnetwork.org]''', a list of these sites is available on the server at '''[http://quince.transitionnetwork.org/ quince.transitionnetwork.org]'''.

This is a debian Xen virtual server with 2GB ram, 32GB HDD, single partition, 4 processors and one IP address, 81.95.52.88.

Munin starts for the server are available on [http://nsa.rat.burntout.org/munin/webarch.net/quince.webarch.net.html the webarchitects monitoring server] and on [https://kiwi.transitionnetwork.org/munin/webarch.net/quince.webarch.net.html the transition network development server].

The notes about the old live server are here: LiveServer and the move to quince.transitionnetwork.org was done via ticket:147.

For admin related issues contact [mailto:chris@webarchitects.co.uk chris@webarchitects.co.uk].

== TODO ==

1. Optimise and monitor also what php accelerator should we use? Filecache for the moment because of problems encountered with both memcache and apc. Tweak MySQL defaults?

2. Install http://awstats.sf.net/ for generating nice usage graphs from the apache logs and exim logs, see ticket:160

3. After testing on the dev server, install Varnish, see ticket:161

== apache ==

The server is running the default debian apache2:

{{{
/usr/sbin/apache2 -v
  Server version: Apache/2.2.9 (Debian)
  Server built:   Apr 20 2010 15:40:17
/usr/sbin/apache2 -l 
  Compiled in modules:
    core.c
    mod_log_config.c
    mod_logio.c
    prefork.c
    http_core.c
    mod_so.c
}}}

The main configuration file is /etc/apache2/apache2.conf and the virtual hosts are sym linked from /etc/apache2/sites-enabled

After making any changes to the Apache configuration best do a configtest first to make sure the configuration is OK:

{{{
sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl configtest
}}}

And then to restart the apache server:

{{{
sudo /usr/sbin/apache2ctl restart
}}}

=== Redirects ===

Redirects for parked wiki:DomainNames are configured in /etc/apache2/sites-available/redirects.transitionnetwork.org.conf.

Most domain names are listed in the man !VirtualHost in this file which redirects to http://www.transitionnetwork.org/:

{{{
Redirect / http://www.transitionnetwork.org/
}}}

There are some additional !VirtualHosts, one for transition-japan.org:

{{{
Redirect / http://www.transition-japan.net/
}}}

One for transitiontowns.org, with these redirects:

{{{
RedirectMatch permanent ^/Bellingen(.*) http://www.transitionnetwork.org/cms/bellingen
RedirectMatch permanent ^/Lewes(.*) http://www.transitiontownlewes.org/
RedirectMatch permanent ^/Totnes(.*) http://www.transitiontowntotnes.org/
RedirectMatch permanent ^/Brixton(.*) http://www.transitiontownbrixton.org/

Redirect / http://www.transitionnetwork.org/
}}}

And one for totnes.transitiontowns.org, with this redirect:

{{{
Redirect / http://www.transitiontowntotnes.org/
}}}

=== HTTPS ===

The HTTPS !VirtualHosts have the following directives:

{{{
SSLEngine on
SSLCipherSuite HIGH
SSLProtocol all -SSLv2
SSLCertificateFile      /etc/ssl/transitionnetwork.org/transitionnetwork.org.pem
SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/ssl/transitionnetwork.org/gandi.pem
}}}

The transitionnetwork.org.pem file contains both the certificate and the key (these are the files from gandi.net):

{{{
cat transitionnetwork.org.crt > transitionnetwork.org.pem
cat transitionnetwork.org.key >> transitionnetwork.org.pem
}}}

And the gandi.pem contains the cert and the chain of root certificates:

{{{
wget http://crt.gandi.net/GandiStandardSSLCA.crt
wget http://crt.usertrust.com/UTNAddTrustServer_CA.crt
wget http://crt.usertrust.com/AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt
openssl x509 -inform DER -in GandiStandardSSLCA.crt -out GandiStandardSSLCA.pem
openssl x509 -inform DER -in AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt -out AddTrustExternalCARoot.pem
openssl x509 -inform DER -in UTNAddTrustServer_CA.crt -out UTNAddTrustServer_CA.pem
cat transitionnetwork.org.crt > gandi.pem
cat GandiStandardSSLCA.pem >> gandi.pem
cat AddTrustExternalCARoot.pem >> gandi.pem
cat UTNAddTrustServer_CA.pem >> gandi.pem
}}}

The above was documented as a result of ticket:165, see also wiki:SecurityInfo.

To generate a new certificate, [http://wiki.gandi.net/en/ssl/csr follow the gandi instructions] (the only required field is the Common Name):

{{{
cd /etc/ssl/transitionnetwork.org/
mkdir 2011; cd 2011
openssl req -nodes -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout transitionnetwork.org.key -out transitionnetwork.org.csr
  Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
  Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:
  State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:
  Locality Name (eg, city) []:
  Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:
  Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
  Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:*.transitionnetwork.org
  Email Address []:
  
  Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
  to be sent with your certificate request
  A challenge password []:
  An optional company name []:
}}}

== varnish ==

See ticket:224.

Install Varnish 2.1 via the [http://www.varnish-cache.org/installation/debian varnish-cache.org repository]:

{{{
curl http://repo.varnish-cache.org/debian/GPG-key.txt | apt-key add -
aptitude install lsb-release
echo "deb http://repo.varnish-cache.org/debian/ $(lsb_release -s -c) varnish-2.1" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/varnish.list
aptitude update
aptitude install varnish
}}}

Edit these things in the main config file, /etc/default/varnish :

{{{
#DAEMON_OPTS="-a :6081 \
#             -T localhost:6082 \
#             -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl \
#             -S /etc/varnish/secret \
#             -s file,/var/lib/varnish/$INSTANCE/varnish_storage.bin,1G"

DAEMON_OPTS="-a :80 \
             -T localhost:81 \
             -f /etc/varnish/default.vcl \
             -S /etc/varnish/secret \
             -s file,/var/lib/varnish/$INSTANCE/varnish_storage.bin,256M"
}}}

And in /etc/varnish/default.vcl :

{{{
backend default {
    .host = "127.0.0.1";
    .port = "8080";
    .connect_timeout = 600s;
    .first_byte_timeout = 600s;
    .between_bytes_timeout = 600s;
}
acl purge {
  "localhost";
  "127.0.0.1";
}

# chris
# http://drupal.org/node/1054886#purge
sub vcl_recv {
    # remove all cookies
    unset req.http.Cookie;

    ## Pass cron jobs and server-status
    if (req.url ~ "cron.php") {
      return (pass);
    }
    if (req.url ~ ".*/server-status$") {
      return (pass);
    }

    # Normalize the Accept-Encoding header
    # as per: http://varnish-cache.org/wiki/FAQ/Compression
    if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) {
      if (req.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|gz|tgz|bz2|tbz|mp3|ogg)$") {
        # No point in compressing these
        remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;
      } elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {
        set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";
     } elsif (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {
        set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";
      } else {
        # unkown algorithm
        remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;
      }
    }

    ## Default request checks
    if (req.request != "GET" &&
    req.request != "HEAD" &&
    req.request != "PUT" &&
    req.request != "POST" &&
    req.request != "TRACE" &&
    req.request != "OPTIONS" &&
    req.request != "DELETE" &&
    req.request != "PURGE") {
    # Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird.
    return (pipe);
    }
    if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD" && req.request != "PURGE") {
    # We only deal with GET, PURGE and HEAD by default
    return (pass);
    }

    # Check the incoming request type is "PURGE", not "GET" or "POST"
    if (req.request == "PURGE") {
      # Check if the ip coresponds with the acl purge
      if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
      # Return error code 405 (Forbidden) when not
        error 405 "Not allowed.";
      }
      # Purge all objects from cache that match the incoming url and host
      purge("req.url == " req.url " && req.http.host == " req.http.host);
      # Return a http error code 200 (Ok)
      error 200 "Purged.";
      }

    # Grace to allow varnish to serve content if backend is lagged
    #set obj.grace = 5m;
}

# remove all cookies
# chris
sub vcl_fetch {
    unset beresp.http.set-cookie;
}

# chris
sub vcl_deliver {
if (obj.hits > 0) {
set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "HIT";
}
else {
set resp.http.X-Varnish-Cache = "MISS";
}

}}}

To supress the varnish purge output generated when Drupal flushes it's cache in the logcheck emails create {{{/etc/logcheck/ignore.d.server/local-rules}}} with the following in it:

{{{
# varnish
localhost varnishd\[[0-9]+\]: CLI telnet 127.0.0.1
}}}

And then symlink it:

{{{
cd /etc/logcheck/violations.ignore.d
ln -s ../ignore.d.server/local-rules 
}}}

See http://www.agentbob.info/agentbob/g3/83-AB.html

== apc ==

The php-apc package is installed and info about how it is preforming is at https://live.quince.webarch.net/info/apc.php it's protected using htauthentication, ask chris@webarchitects.co.uk for the username / password if you need it.

The configuration is in /etc/php5/conf.d/apc.ini and the settings have been taken from here http://www.innovatingtomorrow.net/2008/01/17/improve-php-performance-apc

{{{
extension=apc.so
apc.enabled = 1
apc.shm_size = 128
apc.include_once_override = 1
apc.mmap_file_mask = /tmp/apc.XXXXXX
}}}

The wiki:NewLiveServer#mediawiki site is set to use APC via this setting in /web/wiki.transitionnetwork.org/www/LocalSettings.php

{{{
$wgMainCacheType = CACHE_ACCEL;
}}}

Drupal can be set to use it via /web/transitionnetwork.org/www/sites/default/settings.php but it doesn't appear to improve performance over the filecache and also it generates lots of errors in the Drupal logs like this:

{{{
unlink(/tmp/cache_views_lock) [<a href='function.unlink'>function.unlink</a>]: No such file or directory in /web/transitionnetwork.org/www/sites/all/modules/cacherouter/Cache.php on line 124.
}}}

See this thread for more on this problem: http://drupal.org/node/588820


== mediawiki ==

The Mediawiki site at [http://wiki.transitionnetwork.org/ wiki.transitionnetwork.org] is running on quince.webarch.net (see ticket:147 and ticket:148 for the move).

There is also a wiki:DevelopmentServer#Mediawiki version of this site at http://wiki.dev.transitionnetwork.org/ -- when upgrading Mediawiki please test the upgrade on the dev server first.

Mediawiki is installed in /web/wiki.transitionnetwork.org/www and the apache !VirtualHost configuration is in /etc/apache2/sites-available/wiki.transitionnetwork.org.conf.

To upgrade the site to the latest version of Mediawiki, from http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Download you could follow the instructions from http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Upgrade or use the '''mediawiki-upgrade''' script which takes the latest version of Mediawiki as an argument on the command line and then does everything for you, including upgrading the [http://wiki.transitionnetwork.org/Special:Version#Installed_extensions installed extensions] using subversion:

{{{
kiwi:~# mediawiki-upgrade 1.16.0
}}}

The main configuration file for Mediawiki is /web/wiki.transitionnetwork.org/www/LocalSettings.php and this are the things that have been changed from their default values:

{{{
$wgScript           = "/index.php";
$wgRedirectScript   = "/redirect.php";
$wgArticlePath      = "/$1";

$wgLogo             = "/images/wiki.png";

$wgEmergencyContact = "wiki@transitionnetwork.org";
$wgPasswordSender = "wiki@transitionnetwork.org";

$wgRightsPage = "Copyright"; # Set to the title of a wiki page that describes your license/copyright
$wgRightsUrl = "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/uk/";
$wgRightsText = "Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales";
$wgRightsIcon = "/images/cc-by-sa.png";

# file types for uploads
$wgUploadSizeWarning = 6000 * 3000;
$wgMimeDetectorCommand = "file -bi";
$wgFileExtensions = array( 'avi', 'mp3', 'rm', 'mpg', 'mpeg', 'mp4', 'svg', 'png', 'gif', 'jpg', 'jpeg', 'pdf', 'rtf', 'doc', 'txt', 'ppt', 'odp', 'odc', 'odf', 'odg', 'odi', 'odif', 'odm', 'ods', 'odt', 'otc', 'otf', 'otg', 'oth', 'oti', 'otp', 'ots', 'ott', 'psd', 'ai', 'eps', 'tif');

# No anonymous editing allowed -
$wgGroupPermissions['*']['edit'] = false;

# Prevent new user registrations except by sysops
$wgGroupPermissions['*']['createaccount'] = false;

# allow users to be banned
$wgSysopUserBans = true;

# http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi
require_once("$IP/extensions/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi/SyntaxHighlight_GeSHi.php");

# http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:FCKeditor_%28Official%29
require_once( "$IP/extensions/FCKeditor/FCKeditor.php" );
}}}

== cron ==

The cron job for the http://www.transitionnetwork.org/ site is set up for user chris and it contains:

{{{
# m h  dom mon dow   command
*/30 * * * * /usr/sbin/ab -n 1 http://www.transitionnetwork.org/cron.php >/dev/null 2>&1  
* */1 * * * /usr/sbin/ab -n 1 http://workspaces.transitionnetwork.org/cron.php >/dev/null 2>&1  
}}}

ab is [http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/programs/ab.html apachebench].

== backup2kiwi ==

To backup the Mysql database and the files for the web sites to the wiki:DevelopmentServer run the /usr/local/bin/backup2kiwi script, it puts the files in /home/live/quince on kiwi.webarch.net and these files are used by the scripts on kiwi to update the Drupal and Mediwiki sites with the latest data from the live sites.

A copy of this script is attached to this page: attachment:backup2kiwi

== mysql ==

/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation has been run to secure the server:

{{{
In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current
password for the root user.  If you've just installed MySQL, and
you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank,
so you should just press enter here.

Enter current password for root (enter for none): 
OK, successfully used password, moving on...

Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL
root user without the proper authorisation.

You already have a root password set, so you can safely answer 'n'.

Change the root password? [Y/n] n
 ... skipping.

By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone
to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for
them.  This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation
go a bit smoother.  You should remove them before moving into a
production environment.

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'.  This
ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network.

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can
access.  This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed
before moving into a production environment.

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] y
 - Dropping test database...
ERROR 1008 (HY000) at line 1: Can't drop database 'test'; database doesn't exist
 ... Failed!  Not critical, keep moving...
 - Removing privileges on test database...
 ... Success!

Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far
will take effect immediately.

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] y
 ... Success!

Cleaning up...

All done!  If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL
installation should now be secure.

Thanks for using MySQL!
}}}

== mysql-backup ==

A MySQL Backup script from http://worldcommunitypress.com/opensource/mysql-backup is installed in /usr/local/bin and it's set to create backups in /var/backups/mysql/

It needed the libmime-lite-perl debian package to be installed.

To run it:

{{{
/usr/local/bin/mysql-backup
}}}

These lines have been changed from the original at http://worldcommunitypress.com/assets/files/opensource/utilities/mysql_backup.txt :

{{{
$admin_email_to              = 'chris@webarchitects.co.uk';
$admin_email_from            = 'root@quince.webarch.net';
$cnf_file                    = '/root/.my.cnf';
$site_name                   = 'quince.webarch.net';
$mysql_backup_dir            = '/var/backups/mysql';
}}}

== backupninja ==

[https://labs.riseup.net/code/projects/show/backupninja/ Backupninja] has been installed and set up -- it's set to backup files to another server in the same rack and then this backups up the data to a server in another colo. The main configuration file is /etc/backupninja.conf and the files containing the list of things to be backed up are in /etc/backup.d/. 60 days worth of backups are saved. It is set to backup MySQL and the following directories:
{{{
include = /var/spool/cron/crontabs
include = /var/backups
include = /etc
include = /root
include = /home
include = /usr/local/*bin
include = /var/lib/dpkg/status*
include = /web
exclude = /home/*/.gnupg
exclude = /home/*/.local/share/Trash
exclude = /home/*/.Trash
exclude = /home/*/.thumbnails
exclude = /home/*/.beagle
exclude = /home/*/.aMule
exclude = /home/*/gtk-gnutella-downloads
}}}

== php ==

See https://quince.transitionnetwork.org/info/ for the php info, the php.ini file is /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini 

PECL Uploadprogress was installed as suggested here: http://www.joergfelser.at/content/howto-install-pecl-uploadprogress-debian-50-lenny 

{{{
aptitude install php5-dev
pecl install uploadprogress
}}}

And this was added to the php.ini file:

{{{
extension=uploadprogress.so
}}}

The, default php.ini files which had these changes:

{{{
expose_php = Off
memory_limit = 256M
extension=uploadprogress.so
}}}

Was moved to php.ini.dist.tweaked and then /usr/share/doc/php5-common/examples/php.ini-recommended was copied to /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini and a new /etc/php5/apache2/conf.d/uploadprogress.ini file was created with this in it:

{{{
extension=uploadprogress.so
}}}

And /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini was edited and these things were changed:

{{{
expose_php = Off
max_execution_time = 60     ; Maximum execution time of each script, in seconds
max_input_time = 120 ; Maximum amount of time each script may spend parsing request data
memory_limit = 256M      ; Maximum amount of memory a script may consume (128MB)
error_log = syslog
post_max_size = 12M
upload_max_filesize = 12M
display_errors = On
default_charset = "utf-8"
}}}

=== suhosin ===

Due to errors like this being sent out by logwatch:

{{{
Nov 29 20:16:54 quince suhosin[26422]: ALERT - configured POST variable limit exceeded - dropped variable '4[edit field_event_type]' (attacker 'XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX', file '/web/transitionnetwork.org/www/index.php')

Dec  3 15:03:17 quince suhosin[14383]: ALERT - configured request variable name length limit exceeded - dropped variable 'enabled_pattern*field_patterns_related_larger*pattern*field_patterns_related_smaller' (attacker 'XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX', file '/web/transitionnetwork.org/www/index.php')

Dec  7 10:08:56 quince suhosin[7269]: ALERT - configured POST variable name length limit exceeded - dropped variable '{"$":{"memLimit":2000,."autoFlush":true,."crossDomain":true,."includeProtos":false,."includeFunctions":false}}' (attacker 'XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX', file '/web/transitionnetwork.org/www/index.php')
}}}

These variables were changed in /etc/php5/conf.d/suhosin.ini as per [http://simonlane.com/site/?q=node/13 this suggestion]:

{{{
;suhosin.post.max_vars = 200
suhosin.post.max_vars = 10000

;suhosin.request.max_vars = 200
suhosin.request.max_vars = 10000

;suhosin.request.max_varname_length = 64
suhosin.request.max_varname_length = 256

;suhosin.post.max_name_length = 64
suhosin.post.max_name_length = 512

;suhosin.post.max_totalname_length = 256
suhosin.post.max_totalname_length = 2048

;suhosin.post.max_value_length = 65000
suhosin.post.max_value_length = 260000
}}}


== phpmyadmin ==

This is available here: https://quince.transitionnetwork.org/phpmyadmin/ it's protected using htauthentication because there are a lot of attacks launched against phpmyadmin, ask chris@webarchitects.co.uk for the username / password if you need it.

== memcache ==

The memcache configuration file is /etc/memcached.conf the settings which have been changed from the default are:

{{{
# Start with a cap of 64 megs of memory. It's reasonable, and the daemon default
# Note that the daemon will grow to this size, but does not start out holding this much
# memory
-m 128
}}}

The use of memcache by Drupal is provided by the [drupal.org/project/memcache|Memcache API and Integration module] and configured in /web/transitionnetwork.org/www/sites/default/settings.php:

{{{
# JK - issue #300 (memcache large dataset issues) trying memcache instraed of cacherouter
$conf = array(
  'cache_inc' => './sites/all/modules/memcache/memcache.inc',
  'memcache_servers' => array('127.0.0.1:11211' => 'default'),
  'memcache_bins' => array(
    'cache' => 'default',
    'cache_content' => 'database',
    'cache_form' => 'database',
    'cache_views' => 'database'
  ),
);
}}}

Note that 'cache_content', 'cache_form',  and 'cache_views' all now are sent to the database as is Drupal default. All other cache requests use Memcache.

NB: It's not clear if there is any gain from using memcache with one server, see this thread: http://groups.drupal.org/node/73513 -- JK note: This all depends on how busy MySQL is; if we've got a busy server then memcache will help a lot, if not, well it'll help less!

== munin ==

In addition to the plugins available by default these were installed:

 * [http://exchange.munin-monitoring.org/plugins/multimemory/details multimemory]
 * [http://exchange.munin-monitoring.org/plugins/apache_activity/details apache_activity]
 * [https://github.com/jnstq/munin-varnish munin-varnish] see ticket:224#comment:27

== ftp ==

The server has [http://vsftpd.beasts.org/ vsftpd] running for updating the [http://static.transitionnetwork.org/ static.transitionnetwork.org] site, email mailto:chris@webarchitects.co.uk if you need the username and password for the account to upload content.

vsftpd is configured via the /etc/vsftpd.conf file.